普陀区船舶出口转型升级试点示范区情况介绍
Introduction to Pilot Demonstration Areas for Ship Export Transformation and Upgrading in Putuo District
普陀区隶属浙江省舟山市，位于浙江省东北部，舟山群岛东南部，总面积6728平方千米，其中海域面积6269.4平方千米，陆地面积458.6平方千米，海岸线总长831.43千米。普陀区属北亚热带南缘季风海洋型气候，常年温和湿润，冬暖夏凉，光照充足。自然资源丰富，渔业发达，港口优良。沈家门渔港是世界三大群众性渔港之一，佛教圣地普陀山就坐落在普陀区。
The Putuo District belongs to Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, and lies in the northeast of Zhejiang Province, southeast of Zhoushan Islands, with a total area of 6,728 square kilometers, of which sea area of 6269.4 square kilometers, and land area of 458.6 square kilometers, and total shoreline of 831.43 km. The Putuo District is in the marine monsoon climate area on the southern edge of the northern subtropical zone, featuring mild and humid all year round, sunny in winter and cool in summer. The district has abundant natural resources, developed fisheries, and excellent port. The Shenjiamen fishing port is one of the world's three major non-graded fishing ports, and the Buddhist shrine of Putuo Mountain is situated in the Putuo District.
重点产业情况
Key Industry Situation
普陀区经济主要有临港工业、港口物流、海洋旅游和现代（远洋）渔业等四大产业体系，是典型的外向型海洋、海岛经济结构。2015年实现地区生产总值352亿元，三次产业结构比例为12.6：36.6：50.8。临港工业中以船舶工业为主，是普陀区国民经济重要组成部分，也是普陀外贸的主打产品。2015年全区船舶工业总产值320亿元，占全部制造业产值的53%。
The economy in Putuo District consists mainly of four industrial systems: port industry, port logistics, marine tourism and modern (offshore) fishery, which is typical structure of export-oriented marine and island economy. The 2015 GDP was RMB35.2 billion Yuan, and the proportion of the three industries was 12.6: 36.6: 50.8. The port industry is an important part of national economy in Putuo District, mainly of shipbuilding industries, also the main product of foreign trade of Putuo. The district-wide shipbuilding industrial output value was RMB32 billion Yuan in 2015, accounting for 53% of the total manufacturing industry output.
但是国际金融危机以来，受国际航运市场持续走低、运力过剩的影响，行业环境严重恶化。同时，日本、韩国制造业回归，也对我区船舶企业发展带来极大地冲击。面对困境，全区上下着力推进船舶工业转型升级，逆转外贸出口下滑势头，2013-2015年外贸出口呈现整体向上态势，其中对全市出口增长的贡献逐年增长，2015年占全市出口比重上升至63.9%，占全省的出口份额保持平稳。
However, since the international financial crisis, the industry environment has been seriously deteriorated due to the sustained depression and excess capacity of international shipping market. Meanwhile, the manufacturing return in Japan and South Korea has also brought tremendous shock to the development of shipbuilding enterprise in the district. Faced with the difficulties, the whole district goes all out in promoting transformation and upgrading of shipbuilding industry, and reversing the declining trend in exports. In the years of 2013~2015, the foreign trade exports showed overall upward trend, in which the contribution to the city's export growth increased year after year. The proportion in the city's total exports rose to 63.9%in 2015, and the share in the provincial export remained stable.
2016年，经省商务厅、省财政厅联合评审，普陀区船舶出口转型升级试点示范区正式获批，更有利于加快普陀区船舶出口转型升级步伐，推动普陀区外向型经济发展，推进普陀区由外贸大区向外贸强区转变，
In 2016, upon joint review by the Provincial Department of Commerce and the Provincial Department of Finance, the Ship Export Transformation and Upgrading Pilot Demonstration Area of Putuo District was formally approved, which is more conducive to faster transformation and upgrading of ship export in Putuo District, and promotes the export-oriented economy development of Putuo District, and facilitates the Putuo District in growing from foreign trade big zone to foreign trade powerful zone.
船舶出口外贸转型升级优势及发展情况
Advantages in Transformation and Upgrading of Ship Export Trade, and its Development Situations
国家发展战略和政策优势：2011年6月30日，国务院正式批准设立浙江舟山群岛新区。新区产业布局规划是重点发展海洋工程装备与船舶产业。2016年4月19日，国务院正式批准设立中国舟山江海联运服务中心，为下步船舶工业的转型升级和进一步的健康、可持续发展带来更大的政策优势和市场优势。
National development strategies and policy advantages: On June 30, 2011, the State Council officially approved the establishment of Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands New Area. The industrial layout planning of the new area is focused on the development of marine engineering equipment and shipbuilding industries. On April 19, 2016, the State Council officially approved the establishment of China Zhoushan Jianghai Intermodal Service Center, which brings greater policy and market advantages for the future transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry and further healthy and sustainable development.
外贸方式创新优势：跨境电商优势得到进一步发展。2014年出台了《关于加快电子商务发展的实施意见》和《促进电子商务产业发展的扶持政策(试行)》政策，建设了国际水产城电子商务产业园和陆港物流两大电商园区。2015年，全区网络零售额为5.16亿元，网络消费达到近30亿元；外贸综合服务体系发达。2015年，普陀区本土外贸综合服务企业有16家，入住舟山、服务涵盖普陀区的国内外船舶、海事综合服务企业60余家；“市场采购”新模式得到有效探索。2015年，其中4家企业通过“市场采购模式出口4.8亿美元，拉动全区出口增长12个百分点；传统营销模式得到卓有成效的创新。采取自主开发船型吸引船东下单，并通过打造融资租赁平台，推进外贸出口，取得积极成效。2015年，通过自主开发船型新接订单占12%。
Innovation Advantage of Foreign Trade Mode: The advantages of cross-border e-business supplier further grow. The policies of the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of E-business and the Support Policies Promoting the Development of E-business Industry (Trial) were introduced in 2014, and two e-business parks were constructed including the International Aquatic City E-business Industry Park and the inland port logistics park. In 2015, the district-wide online retail sales was RMB5.16 billion Yuan, and the network consumption reached nearly RMB3 billion Yuan; the comprehensive service system for foreign trade is developed. In 2015, the Putuo District registered 16 local enterprises offering comprehensive services related to foreign trade, and more than 60 enterprises residing in Zhoushan and offering services covering domestic and international ship and maritime comprehensive services; the new mode of "market purchase” was effectively explored. In 2015, four companies realized export value of US$ 480 million through the pattern of "market purchase", driving the district-wide export to grow by 12%; the traditional marketing mode has been effectively innovated. The independently-developed ship models attracted many shipowners to place orders, and positive results are achieved by creating finance lease platform. In 2015, the quantity of new orders grows by 12% through independently developed ship models.
船舶产业集聚和出口规模优势：2011年，舟山市被商务部、信息部认定为首批国家级船舶出口基地。普陀区已成为国内重要的船舶生产和出口区域之一，区域产业规模位居全省第1、全国前10位。拥有规模以上船舶修造企业12家，总坞容量228万载重吨，船台40万载重吨；年造船能力480万载重吨，年修船能力8000万载重吨；从业人员约5万人。2015年船舶工业总产值306亿元，其中修船产值68亿元。造船完工量183万载重吨，占全国的4.7%。区域出口规模位列全省第1、全国前15位。2015年全区造船出口51艘，出口总额13.15亿美元。全区修船外贸出口规模居全国同类口岸首位。
Shipbuilding industry cluster and export scale advantages: in 2011, Zhoushan City was recognized as the first batch of national ship export bases by the Ministry of Commerce, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Putuo District has become one of the important ship production and export regions, with regional industrial scale ranking No.1 in the province and top 10 in China. It owns 12 shipbuilding enterprises at and above designated scale, total dock capacity of 2.28 million dwt, and berth capacity of 400,000 dwt; annual shipbuilding capacity of 4.8 million dwt, annual ship repair capacity of 80 million dwt; and about 50,000 employees. In 2015, the shipbuilding industry output value was RMB30.6 billion Yuan, of which RMB6.8 billion Yuan of ship repair output value. The shipbuilding capacity is 1.83 million dwt, accounting for 4.7% of the national capacity. The regional export scale ranks No.1 in the province and top 15 in China. In 2015, the area exported 51 ships, with total exports of US$ 1.315 billion. The foreign trade export scale of ship repair of the area ranks 1st among the same ports throughout the country.
国际市场竞争优势：积极组织企业参加希腊海事展、德国汉堡海事展、新加坡海事展和国内的上海海事展。2014年，中远船务、欧华造船和扬帆集团相继录入工信部“造船白名单”，入围全国造船行业20强。2016年，扬帆集团手持订单位居全球第6，，欧华造船手持订单60余艘，全球克拉克松排名全国第17位。修船行业综合实力和外贸出口居国内前列。万邦永跃、鑫亚船厂、龙山船厂进入全国修船行业前10强。
International competitive advantage: Actively organize enterprises to participate in the Greek Maritime, Hamburg Maritime, Singapore Maritime and China Maritime in Shanghai. In 2014, COSCO Shipping, Ouhua Shipbuilding and Yangfan Group have entered the MIIT Shipbuilding White List and the finalists of top 20 in national shipbuilding industry. In 2016, the orders held by Yangfan Group ranked No.6 in the world, and the orders held by Ouhua Shipbuilding related to 60 ships, ranking No.17 in the country according to the global Clarkson data. The overall strength and the foreign trade export of the ship repair industry ranked the forefront in the domestic. The IMC-Yong Yue, the Xinya Shipyard, and the Longshan Shipyard rank top 10 in the country’s ship repair industry.
船舶产品制造技术和研发优势：舟山有专业船舶设计研究院所15家，其中国家级研发机构1家、省级6家，专业研发设计人员1200余人。扬帆、欧华、中远3家造船企业均拥有船舶设计研究院、省级企业技术中心、省重点企业研究院、省级高新技术研发中心、省级工业设计中心，具备从基础设计、详细设计到生产设计全流程的A级船舶研发设计能力，为企业提供全面技术支撑。
Ship manufacturing technology and R&D strengths: Zhoushan has 15 specialized ship design and research institutes, including 1 national research institutions, 6 provincial research institutions, more than 1,200 professional R&D staff. The 3 shipbuilders including Yangfan, Ouhua and COSCO are established with ship design and research institutes, provincial enterprise technology center, provincial key enterprises research institute, provincial high-tech R&D center, and provincial industrial design center, which enable the whole process of class-A ship research and design capability from basic design, detail design to production design, and provide enterprises with comprehensive technical support.
产品优势和产品差异化错位发展优势：船舶产品在保持传统的散货船、油船、集装箱三大主流船型的基础上，增加了PSV海工辅助船、152K穿梭油轮、111K成品油轮、EAS油轮半段、机动多用途船、特种船等附加值较高的船舶，占船舶出口总额的10.3%。为避免同质化竞争，造船企业发挥各自优势，根据市场需求，实施产品差异化、错位发展。如欧华造船主打环保、节能型集装箱船和多用途、特种船。扬帆集团侧重建造化学品船、汽车滚装船和节能环保经济船型。中远船务主打海洋工程装备制造。
Product advantages and product differentiation and dislocation development advantages: On the basis of maintaining the three major mainstream ship types e.g. traditional bulk carrier, oil tanker, and container ship, new ship products are added including PSV marine support vessel, 152K shuttle tanker, 111K product tanker, EAS tanker bow half-block, motor multi-purpose vessels, special vessels and other ships of high added-values, accounting for 10.3% of total exports of ships. To avoid the homogeneous competition, the shipbuilding enterprises play their respective advantages, and implement the product differentiation and dislocation development according to market demand. Ouhua shipbuilder mainly produced environmental protection and energy-saving container ships and multi-purpose and special vessels. The Yangfan Group focuses on the manufacturing of chemical tankers, ro-ro ships and energy-saving/economical ship. The COSCO Shipyard mainly manufactures the marine engineering equipment.
自主品牌培育优势：通过出台相关扶持政策和资金配套，鼓励外贸企业通过品牌建设拓市场，鼓励申报省、市级出口名牌，形成了企业自主品牌数据库、出口名牌培育扶持政策、企业申报考核等一套省、市两级出口名牌培育的体系和机制。截止2015年底，全区已有省级出口名牌3家，市级出口名牌9家。
Independent brand development advantages: through the introduction of relevant support policies and matching funds, encourage foreign trade enterprises to expand the market by brand building, encourage application of provincial and municipal export famous brand, and form a set of system and mechanism for cultivating provincial and municipal famous brands including database of enterprise independent brand, support policies for cultivating export famous brands, and enterprise application and assessment. By the end of 2015, the whole area had had 3 provincial export famous brands, and 9 municipal export famous brands.
组织管理和服务体系优势：区政府设立了转型升级工作领导小组，组织领导企业转型升级工作。成立船舶企业行业协会，实施行业自我发展、自我管理、自我服务。建立了船舶行业外贸出口监测体系和产业预警机制。初步建成了公共服务体系框架和配套设施，包括设计研发、检验检测、船舶交易、船舶信息、培训机构、物流配送、融资租赁、货代船代等。
Organizational management and service system advantages: the district government sets up a leading group for the transformation and upgrading, organizes and leads the enterprises in transformation and upgrading work; sets up the shipbuilding enterprise industry association, implements the industry self-development, self-management, self-service; establishes shipbuilding industry export monitoring system and industrial early warning mechanism; initially constructs the public services system framework and supporting facilities, including design and development, inspection and testing, ship trading, ship information, training institution, logistics and distribution, financing and leasing, freight forwarding, and shipping agent.
外贸转型升级配套设施
Foreign trade transformation and upgrading facilities
船舶出口交易平台：浙江船舶交易市场有限公司是为船舶客户提供交易场所和信息的服务性企业，由舟山市港务国有资产经营有限公司控股，联合四家单位共同出资组建。积极引导普陀区的船舶出口企业与之对接，保持信息畅通和业务开展。
Ship export trading platform: The Zhejiang Shipping Exchange Co., Ltd. is a service enterprise offering trading places and information for ship customers, holding by the Zhoushan Port Holdings State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd., and jointly invested together with four units; actively guide the ship export enterprises of Putuo District in docking with it, and maintain the smooth information flow and operational development.
船舶出口展示平台:在舟山国际水产城建设船业发展史展示平台和出口船型展示平台，扬帆、欧华、中远3家企业在企业内部分别建设企业主导船型展示平台。
Ship exports display platform: Build the platform displaying the shipping industry development history and the platform displaying export ship at the Zhoushan International Aquatic Product City. The three companies namely Yangfan, Ouhua and COSCO have built their respective platforms displaying leading ships of enterprise within themselves.
船舶出口质量检测平台:英国劳氏、德国劳氏、BV、NK、中国船级社等国际知名船级社已在舟山、普陀设立办事机构。下步重点引进拥有“中国船舶工业无损检测中心”和“国防科工委无损检测人员鉴定考试中心”两个基础平台的上海船舶工程质量检测有限公司在舟山设立分部，为普陀船舶企业提供检验检测和培训考试服务。
Quality inspection platform for ship export: Lloyd's Register, Germanischer Lloyd, BV, NK, China Classification Society and other internationally recognized classification societies have set up offices in Zhoushan and Putuo. The Shanghai Marine Engineering Quality Inspection Co., Ltd. to be introduced in priority in the near future will set up branch in Zhoushan, and supported with its two basic platforms namely the China Shipbuilding Industry NDT Center and the National Defense NDT Personnel Identification Test Center, provide inspection testing and training and examination services to shipbuilding enterprises of Putuo.
船舶出口培训公共服务平台:由浙江国际海运职业技术学院建设成立浙江机电产品出口基地（船舶）培训公共服务平台，平台主要在船舶知识、海事法律基础、船舶质量检测、维修电工、CAD培训、船舶电工、船舶钳工等方面开展培训服务。
Public service platform for ship export training: the Zhejiang M&E products export base (ship) training public service platform was established by the Zhejiang International Maritime College. The platform carries out training services mainly in shipbuilding knowledge, maritime legal basis, ship quality testing, maintenance electrician, CAD training, ship electrician, and ship fitter.
船舶出口信息公共服务平台:平台由市有关职能部门主办，舟山船联船舶信息服务有限公司建设运营，并与船舶企业共建信息化平台，提供船舶交易指南、国际船东服务、行业动态发布、信息系统研发、船舶信息化等服务。中科院和中国船舶经济研究中心等为普陀船舶企业提供信息和技术支持。
Public Service Platform on Ship Export Information: The information platform is hosted by the municipal relevant departments, constructed and operated by the Zhoushan Chuanlian Ship Information Services Co., Ltd., construction and operation, and co-constructed by the shipbuilding enterprises. It provides ship trading guidelines, international shipowner service, industry information update, information system development, ship information technology and other services. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Shipbuilding Economy Research Center provide information and technical support to the Putuo shipbuilding enterprises.
外贸转型升级扶持政策
Support Policies for the Transformation and Upgrading of Foreign Trade
普陀区作为船舶行业强区，也陆续出台《舟山市普陀区人民政府关于进一步加快船舶工业发展的若干意见》、《舟山市普陀区船舶修造外包企业安全管理暂行规定》、《舟山市普陀区人民政府关于加快船舶配套业发展的若干意见》等一系列政策措施，开展了《加快重点项目建设 促进经济社会持续较快发展》等多项调研课题，成立了普陀区船舶行业发展办公室、普陀区船舶行业协会等管理协调机构，形成政府扶持、银行帮助、企业自救、社会参与等全方位船舶产业发展帮扶机制。尤其是2013年，区委区政府制定的《关于进一步加快工业经济转型升级的若干意见》（普委[2013]11号），把“提升发展传统优势产业，做强船舶工业”作为发展重点与扶持方向，明确进从2013年起，区政府每年安排不少于5000万元的工业转型升级资金，用于支持工业经济平稳健康发展和转型升级，且根据区财政情况，逐步增长。截止2015年底，已累计安排6000余万元资金扶持船舶行业。
The Putuo District being the shipbuilding industry strong area, also gradually introduced a series of policies and measures including the A Number of Opinions of Zhoushan Putuo District People's Government on Further Accelerating Development of Shipbuilding Industry, Interim Provisions on Safety Management of Shipbuilding Outsourcing Enterprise in Putuo District, Zhoushan and A Number of Opinions of Zhoushan Putuo District People's Government on Further Accelerating Development of Marine Equipment Industry; carried out a number of research topics including How to Accelerate the Construction of Key Projects and Promote the Sustained &Rapid Economic and Social Development; and set up the Putuo District Shipbuilding Industry Development Office, Putuo District Ship Industry Association and other management and coordination mechanism, and formed into all-oriented ship industry development aid mechanism including government support, bank assistance, corporate self-help, and social involvement. Especially in 2013, the A Number of Opinions On Further Accelerating The Transformation And Upgrading of the Industrial Economy released by the CPC District Committee and the district government (Pu Wei [2013] No. 11) listed the "enhancing the development of traditional dominant industries, and strengthen the shipbuilding industry" as development priority and support direction, and made clear that from 2013 onwards, the district government arrange fund of not less than RMB50 million Yuan per year for industrial transformation and upgrading to support the stable and healthy development and transformation and upgrading of industrial economy, and will gradually increase according to the district financial situation. By the end of 2015, a total of more than RMB60 million Yuan of funds had been arranged to support the shipbuilding industry.
